The oesophagus, also known as the esophagus, is a muscular tube connecting the throat (pharynx) with the stomach. It plays a crucial role in the digestive system by carrying food and liquids from the mouth to the stomach through a process called peristalsis. The oesophagus is lined with mucous membrane to facilitate the smooth passage of food. It has sphincters at both ends to prevent backflow and regulate the passage of food. Understanding the anatomy of the oesophagus is essential for medical professionals, students, and anyone interested in learning about the human body and its functions.